A new University of Manchester and Edinburgh study published in the journal Brain, Behavior and Immunity has found that ...

For decades, dogma dictated that the immune system consisted of two separate branches. Cells of the innate system respond rapidly to molecular patterns shared by a broad array of pathogens. Meanwhile, ...

Understanding the interplay between T cells and B cells is pivotal to delineating both protective immunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Central to this dynamic are specialised CD4⁺ T ...

At the surface, the immune response to a flu virus is simple. Some cells recognize the pathogen and send a signal to the immune system, and immune cells produce a potentially lifesaving antibody ...

T-bet expression is required for persistence of memory B cells that have rapid differentiation potential to become antibody-producing plasma cells in response to a second infection BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – ...

Humans encounter innumerable pathogenic bacteria, viruses and other microbes in their day-to-day activities. While infections from some pathogens can be easily cleared by the innate immune system, ...

Getting measles doesn’t confer benefits on the immune system — in fact, it’s just the opposite. Even a mild case of measles destroys the memory cells that confer resistance on bugs the patient has ...

Your immune system is your body’s built-in defense network, working nonstop to protect you from bacteria, viruses, and other ...

Conjugate vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to protein carriers, enabling T cell-dependent immune responses that induce high-affinity antibodies and ...

However, details of the intervening steps, as researchers have learned in the past 65 years, are quite complex — certain cells carry the flu antigen to the immune system, specific immune cells respond ...