Accurate identification of active ingredients in dietary supplements and functional beverages is essential for ensuring product quality and consumer safety. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) ...

Accurate quantification of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid are essential for research on rumen metabolism. The study comprehensively investigated the pros and cons of ...

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical chemistry technique used to separate liquid mixtures of compounds or analytes. The method employs a liquid "mobile phase" to transport ...

This article presents a simple and systematic approach to HPLC method development, beginning with sample preparation and finishing with practical analytical method validation. step 5 - method ...