Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Leslie Kramer is a writer for Institutional Investor, correspondent for CNBC, journalist for Investopedia, and managing editor for Markets Group. Correlation measures the linear relationship between ...

Correlation coefficients range from -1 to +1, indicating the strength of relationships between variables. Investors use correlation coefficients for portfolio diversification to reduce risk.

Almost every day you can find in media commentary that XYZ is causing stocks to fall (or rise). Such definitive statements are common—but what’s almost always missing is statistical proof. And if you ...