In the nearly 40 years since electronic control systems first became common features of industrial machines, controls theory has necessarily evolved to keep pace with machine design. Early on, systems ...

PID controller design has long been central to the stable and efficient operation of automatic voltage regulator (AVR) systems worldwide. Contemporary research in this field focuses on the ...

PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

In the previous article, I showed how to compensate simple first-order systems. As a quick recap, a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is all that is needed for compensating first-order systems ...

Your quad-copter is hovering nicely 100 feet north of you, its camera pointed exactly on target. The hover is doing so well all the RC transmitter controls are in the neutral position. The wind picks ...

At the core of any modern industrial process is a control system guaranteeing precision, stability, and efficiency. Perhaps the most commonly used are PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) ...