The 2026 National Electrical Code (NEC) introduces a significant shift in electrical design by prioritizing real-time power ...

A research group led by scientists from Egypt’s Cairo University has developed a novel control strategy for frequency fluctuations during the deloading of PV systems. “This paper evaluates the ...

A group of researchers from China's Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture has conceived a new control strategy for variable water temperature and variable flow in PV-driven heat ...

Maximising the performance of tracked bifacial PV requires optimisation of technical and financial factors. Image: Nextracker PV systems combining bifacial and tracker technologies deliver the ...

Article 690 covers solar installations, except large-scale ones (those are covered in Article 691) [Sec. 690.1], as shown in Fig. 1. There are three important definitions: “Photovoltaic (PV) system” ...

Don Cowan and Mahyar Mohammadnezhad of Kiwa PI Berlin explain the importance of upstream diligence in ensuring long-term PV ...

What is the PV-Pushback-Effect? How can solar day lamps (SDLs) take advantage of this effect? Solar day lamps (SDLs) are made by simply connecting an LED array to a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel. SDLs ...

To achieve net-zero goals and accelerate the global energy transition, the International Energy Agency (IEA) stated that countries need to triple renewable energy capacity from that of 2022 by 2030, ...

Part II of Art. 690 provides the circuit requirements for PV systems. The first requirement it covers is the maximum PV system direct-current (DC) circuit voltage. This value is used when selecting ...