Early detection of declining forest health is critical for the timely intervention and treatment of droughted and diseased ...

The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) provides a quantitative means of characterising how light is reflected from a surface. It is defined as the ratio of radiance scattered by ...

Precision farming, which relies on spatially heterogeneous application of fertilizers, biologically active compounds, pesticides, etc., is one of the leading trends in modern agricultural science. A ...

One of the most popular techniques for material identification is single bounce ATR spectroscopy. However, in some cases, the specular reflectance sampling technique may still be necessary. Much like ...

High-throughput, noninvasive field phenotyping has revealed genetic variation in crop morphological, developmental, and agronomic traits, but rapid measurements of the underlying physiological and ...

Measures total hemispherical reflectance, 3 to >35 micrometers, and performs integrated total hemispheric reflectance measurement, 250 nm to 2500 nm. The TESA 2000, by virtue of an advanced optical ...