One of digital communication's most useful tools, both analytically and practically, is the constellation diagram. These diagrams encompass signal constellations, which chronologically and ...

The demand for greater data throughput seems endless, and it is accelerating faster than many people expected, creating bottlenecks in fiber-optics networks. Digital transmissions of 100 Gbps, which ...

Eliminating software adjustments in circuits based on digital logic improves robustness and reduces cost for small-production-run series. This circuit is a cost-improved version of classical QPSK ...