The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of sample size estimations for the most frequent type of group studies that result in continuous, binary and ordered categorical outcomes. In recent ...

Choosing the proper sample size for an investigation is one of the crucial jobs required of a statistician. Regardless of whether the statistician is deciding the number of patients to select in a ...

Probability is a measure of the likelihood of events happening. The greater the proportion of times an event can happen the greater (or more likely) the probability. Events can be ordered by the ...

The probability that the null hypothesis will be rejected when it is actually true is called the false positive rate and is determined by the significance level of the test (called alpha which is ...

Low statistical power undermines the purpose of scientific research; it reduces the chance of detecting a true effect. Perhaps less intuitively, low power also reduces the likelihood that a ...

Individual prediction uncertainty is a key aspect of clinical prediction model performance; however, standard performance metrics do not capture it. Consequently, a model might offer sufficient ...