Several years ago, Paul Rako, in collaboration with the late, great Bob Pease, wrote a terrific article about the finer theoretical and practical points of electromagnetic solenoid-driver circuits. 1 ...

Relays usually are driven using optocouplers, which offer isolation between analog and digital grounds to ensure that switching currents in the relay coils do not affect the noise margin of the ...

I designed this relay circuit to function as a DPDT toggle which is controlled by a momentary switch. I strive to keep my circuits simple with little or no integration (555’s, transistors, etc). The ...