Light aircraft often use a heading indicator as a way to know where they’re going. Retired instrumentation engineer [Don Welch] recreated a heading indicator of his own, using cheap ...

Optical physics is the study of the fundamental properties of light and its interaction with matter. This includes classical optical phenomena such as reflection, refraction, diffraction and ...

Optical sensors are a broad class of device for detecting light intensity. This can be just a simple component for notifying when ambient light levels rise above or fall below a prescribed level, or a ...

Abstract: This paper proposes an absolute positioning method for distance encoding by fusing reference signals with incremental signals. Reference marks with extinction characteristics are embedded in ...