Self-report questionnaires must be psychometrically sound, but also brief and efficient to avoid participant nonresponse and fatigue, especially in the health and prevention sciences. Meta-heuristics ...

Particle flow code (PFC) is a typical discrete element method (DEM) that is commonly used to simulate the mechanical behaviour of granular materials. However, the micro-parameters should be calibrated ...

Scientists found that ants and other natural systems use optimization algorithms similar to those used by engineered systems, including the Internet. These algorithms invest incrementally more ...