Abstract: This paper presents an indirect time-of-flight (iToF) image sensor, based on a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and a time-gated single-photon counting (TGSPC) method. The SPAD detects ...
Abstract: In natural environments, green walnuts often experience occlusion by branches and leaves, fruit overlap, and varying lighting conditions. To address the issues of low detection accuracy, ...